7, watches Law: Law is when a person watches have a table, you can know what time it is, and when he has two not being able to determine. Two tables and can not tell a person a more accurate time, but people who will watch the exact time to lose confidence. s
anything bad, if not stop off at the beginning, the formation of culture, change can get rid of, as if the river bank, a small gap is not timely repair, dam could collapse, resulting in the loss of millions of times. s
4, catfish effect: In the past, sardines, low survival rate during transportation. after it was found that, if put in a sardine in the catfish, situation is somewhat improved, the survival rate will be greatly improved. This is why it? s
well-known British historian of North Goodman? Parkinson through long-term research, write a book called . In his book, agency personnel explained the reasons for and consequences of inflation: an incompetent officials, there may be three ways, first is the application for resignation, the seat give competent people; the second is to make a competent person to assist in their work; third appointment of two levels lower than they were when the assistant. This first road is absolutely Zou Bude, because that would lose many rights; second way can not go, because that person will be able as their opponents; seems that only a third way the most suitable. Then, two mediocre assistant shared his work, he is high above orders, they will not pose a threat to their rights. two assistants since the incompetent, they to calling the shots, then two more for his inability to find an assistant. and so on, to form a bloated, overstaffed, wrangling with each other, inefficient leadership system. s
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educational practice also shows that: if a teacher Loved some of the students, they will have high expectations, after a period of time, students feel the teachers care, love and encouragement; often positive attitude towards teachers, towards learning and their behavior towards the students more self-esteem, confidence, self-love, self-induce a positive passion, these students often expect teachers to obtain progress. On the contrary, teachers who are ignored, discriminated against students from the teacher's discourse over time, manner, facial expressions of teachers felt But the trend is so, but it also sounded the alarm for teachers. s
the so-called halo effect, that is, interpersonal communication, people who exhibit the characteristics of a particular aspect, cover the other features, resulting in interpersonal cognitive disorders. In everyday life, used to dislike to think that they must unpromising; some young people a thing about the admiration of friends, you will see everywhere in his lovely, so-called is a sweeping subjective psychological speculation, the error is: First, it is easy to grasp the individual characteristics and habits of individual push and, just like Mangrenmoxiang as a point on behalf of the face; Second, it put there is no intrinsic link some of the personality or physical characteristics associated with the assertion that such features are bound to have other characteristics; Third, it definitely said yes to all that bad on all the negative, this is a subjective bias absolute domination tendencies. In short, the halo effect is the interpersonal relationships in a great psychological impact on people with cognitive impairment, we have contacts to try to avoid and overcome the side effects of halo effect. s
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3, diffusion of responsibility effect s
So when I went out to meet, met a criminologist, one immediately to him for advice, the original New York City is the last book with the broken window effect in terms of theory, the first improvement crime environment in which people not easy to crime-Hyde Budao slowly return to order. s
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2, the broken windows effect s
person who had learned helplessness to become a deep sense of despair and sadness. Therefore, we should study and life in the open their eyes that see the true events behind the decision factors do not make our own despair. s
witnesses, in the understanding of where we are usually to provide some objective evidence, that his own witness and hear the things people who speak out honestly. However, psychological research shows that the testimony of many witnesses do not too accurate, or is a personal preference, with personal views and awareness. s
(4) When your status or some kind of normal life and learning be threatened; s
Luo American Psychologist Senta Er, who in 1968 conducted a famous experiment. they go to a primary election in the three sixth grade classes of the children making a fuss of the a list of students looking forward to psychological .8 months later, intelligence test results showed that again on the list a general increase in student achievement, teachers also gave their good conduct reviews. The experiment achieved miraculous results, It is considered by teachers to students the subtle psychological effects, so that teachers expect students to achieve the progress of the phenomenon, known as the Weng Marley is the king of Cyprus in Greek mythology, he produced the statue of a girl he loved his desire to eventually make this into a real statue, the two fall in love with). s
twenty-eight rules tell us, do not mean analysis, processing, and look at the problem, business and management to seize the vital few; to identify those who can provide a 80% profit, but only 20% of the total key customers to enhance services to achieve a multiplier effect; business leaders to work seriously on the classification analysis, it is necessary to solve the main effort on key issues, focus on major projects. s
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5, halo effect s
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10, false share deviation (false consensus bias) s
dispersion effect for the formation of liability reasons, psychologists have done a lot of experiments and surveys found that: this phenomenon can not people just say ruthless, or moral decay of the performance increased. Because on different occasions, people's acts of assistance there is a difference. When a person in an emergency situation, if only he can provide help, he would clearly aware of their responsibilities, to the victims to help. If he refused to help produce feelings of guilt, feelings of guilt, which requires paying a high psychological cost. And if the presence of so many people to help the responsibility of seeking help to be shared by everyone, resulting in fragmentation of responsibility, the responsibility of each person to share very few spectators and even that may not even his own sense of a responsibility not to produce an , how to how dirty the ground, people will feel so dirty anyway, and then a little dirty, does not matter what the situation and to what extent to be bad, people will give up on themselves and let it rot in the end. s
extended out from the sociologist Bale many economists believe that in any group of things, the most important and only a small portion, about 20%, though the majority of the remaining 80%, but it is secondary. society's wealth is concentrated in about 80% 20% of the hands, while 80% of people with only 20% of the social wealth. This statistical imbalance in the social, economic and life everywhere, this is the twenty-eight law. s
3, crocodile Rule: The intent is to assume that a crocodile bite your feet, if you hand to try to break your foot, while crocodile will bite your feet and hands. The more you struggle, the more to be bitten. In the event crocodile bite your feet, your only way is to sacrifice one foot. s
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famous Russian literary giant Pushkin Zengyin role halo effect suffered a great deal. He feverishly love is called to her time. She always covered their ears and said: was heavily in debt, and finally a duel for her death, a literary giant to fall prematurely. In Pushkin view, a beautiful woman is bound to have great wisdom and noble character, however, is not the case, this phenomenon is called the halo effect. s
4, Parkinson's law s
dog show why this situation is due early in the experiment learned a sense of helplessness. That is, they recognize their whatever is done can not control the termination shock. In each experiment, the shock is terminated under the control of the experimenter, and the dog will be aware of their inability to change the external control, to learn a sense of helplessness. s
1, the cage is actually a logical s
crime, the result of disorder, the New York City in the 80's when the rush is really everywhere, not to kill every day, walking in the street in broad daylight too be afraid. not to mention the subway, car dirty, dirty sentence painted everywhere, on the subway, feel insecure. although I have not been seized, but the professors have been in broad daylight, knocked a mind Sap, blind, from the end of his research career, so I talk about Tiger color for many years, not alone to New York. New York city and the city recently raised a lot of reputation, so I am quite surprised that a has to the city under the sink, can escape from the dead, and to push. s
frog phenomenon tells us that some mutation events, they often cause people to alert, and prone to cause deadly it is to feel good in the case of self- , on the actual situation deteriorating, there is no clear detection. s
they make were shown a short video is about the kidnapping of a girl. The next day, to try to answer some of the video is in the content problem, and asked them to tell their own level of confidence to answer, then do a recognition memory test. Next, use the same method, the content encyclopedia and popular literature from the general knowledge of selected issues. s
1964 年at 15:20 on March 13, outside an apartment in New York before a man named Juno younger than white women between the end of the bar on the way home from work assassination. When she cried out in despair: it! Help! Help! the light switch, the attackers then fled. when she thinks has nothing to do, go back to their home upstairs, the killer again appeared before her, to kill her on the stairs. In the process, even though she shouted for help, Her neighbors at least 38 to the window to watch, but no one to rescue her, no one even called the police. The matter caused a stir in New York society, but also attracted the attention of social psychologists and thinking. People Such a large number of onlookers to the phenomenon known as the responsibility of neglecting the dispersion effect. s
8, the broken windows theory: a house if the windows broke, no one to fix it, soon separated, the other windows will somehow to be broken; a wall, if there had not been washed a number of graffiti, and soon, the walls covered with a mess on, unsightly thing; a very clean place, people are taking out the trash sorry, but once the ground Garbage appears, people will not hesitate to throw, did not feel ashamed. s
(2) current behavior or events when a person is very important; s
the butterfly effect is that the initial conditions are After minor changes continued to enlarge its future state will cause an extremely huge difference. Little things can be confusing, and some small things, such as amplified by the system, then an organization, a country is very important, not confused. s < br> and the same happened before, Perot fees can be special and Howard Springs also found that the accuracy of the witness recalled, those confident of their answers than those who do not actually have people who do not have confidence greater, but general knowledge, the situation is not the case, people with high confidence in memories of people who score better than the lack of confidence. s
the first phase of the experiment was started from November 1924 the working conditions and the relationship between production efficiency, test group and control group. Results matter to increase or control the illumination in the experimental group have increased yield, and the same illumination output of the control group also increased. In addition, tests of the wages paid, the coffee break time, daily work length and number of days per week and other factors, can not see these working conditions, there is a direct impact on production efficiency. The second phase of the trial by the U.S. Mayo led by Harvard professor, focuses on social factors and the relationship between productivity, The results showed that the production efficiency is mainly caused by the experimenter in the spirit of the great changes have taken place. participated in tests of workers were placed in special laboratory researchers led by their social conditions changed, the concerns from all sides to form a sense of participating in the trial, that they are an important part of the company, so that workers are motivated from a social point of regard, to promote increased production. s
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butterfly effect, the frog phenomenon, Crocodile law, catfish effect, herding, hedgehog rules, watch law, broken windows theory, twenty-eight law, barrel theory, Matthew effect, which is something you understand me? s
had catfish in to a strange environment, will be , naturally, very nervous, speed swimming. This problem is solved hypoxia sardines, and sardines, will not die. s
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10, bucket theory: composition of the bucket If the length of wood missing, then the bucket of water is not determined Sheng was the longest piece of wood, but it depends on the shortest piece of wood. s
5, herding: sheep where to go, where to go behind the sheep to follow. s
a beautiful bird cage hanging in the room where the most prominent, a few days, the owner will make one of the following two options: throw away the cage, or buy a bird cage back on. This is the cage logic. The process is simple, imagine you are the owner of the room, as long as people entered the room and saw the cage, they can not help but ask you: ; bird? is not dead? Selection of a second election, as this ratio is much easier to endless interpretation. cage logical reason is simple: people often take most of the inertia of thinking. so visible in the living and working in the training how important it is logical thinking . s
the study of psychology, there is a phenomenon called the ; a wall, if not cleansed some graffiti, and soon, the walls covered with a mess on, unsightly things. a very clean place, people would be embarrassed taking out the trash, but once the litter on the ground appears, people will have no hesitation?, did not feel ashamed. It was very strange phenomenon. s
psychological effect of .20 of a century, experimenters 20-30 years, U.S. researchers at the Chicago Western Electric Company Hawthorne factory's working conditions, social factors and the relationship between production efficiency experimenter effect found in experiments, said Hawthorne effect. s
(5) When it comes to some kind of positive qualities or individuality; s
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hedgehog law mainly refers to interpersonal relationships in the fare evasion was wanted out of there one, twenty one in there carrying weapons, so the police are willing to grasp fare evasion very seriously, making criminals afraid to fare evasion, did not dare go out with weapons, so as to avoid more harm than good, because a small loss large. This New York City from the smallest, the easiest place to proceed to break the criminal link of (chain), so this vicious cycle can not continue s
1, the butterfly effect: 70 years of last century, the United States named meteorologists in the interpretation of Lorentz's theory of the air system, said that Amazon occasionally a butterfly wing vibration, and perhaps two weeks can cause a tornado in Texas. s
2, frog phenomenon: a frog into hot water directly into the pot, because of its adverse reactions are very sensitive environment, it will quickly jump out the pot outside. If you put a frog into a pot of cold water and slowly heated, the frog will not be immediately out of the pot, the water temperature gradually increased the ultimate outcome is to be boiled frog died because the water temperature so high that the frog can not stand, it was too late, or that there is no ability to jump out the pot outside. s
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us usually believe that our love is the same as most people. If you like playing computer games, then it may overestimate the number of people like computer games. You will usually overestimate the students to vote on their favorite number, high assess their own prestige in the population and leadership and so on. overestimated and that of your behaviors and attitudes you have the same tendency of the number of features is called species share the bias of false strength: s
this effect tells us that when students or their attention or attention by the public, the study and will greatly increase the efficiency of communication. Therefore, in our daily life, we should learn to get along with others to understand what kind of behavior is accepted by students and teachers and appreciation, and we can only live and learn and continually increase their good behavior, it may be more attention and appreciation, but also allows us to study only progress, with confidence! s
8, the witness's memory s
6, hedgehogs rule: two sleepy hedgehog, as cold and owned together. may be because their body is long with spines, so they left the some distance, but can not stand the cold, then get together. After a frustrating, two hedgehogs has finally found a suitable distance: not only the warmth of each other without getting access to each other by rolling. s
it for themselves general knowledge on the strengths and weaknesses with self-knowledge. Therefore, they tend to modify the test results for the confidence scale. general knowledge is a database that is shared between individuals, it has recognized the correct answer, the subjects can go measure. For example, people will know that the issue of whether in sports or even almost better than others. However, the event witnessed the impact from such self-knowledge. For example, on the whole, they are unlikely to know they are better than others Participants in the event in memory area hair color better or worse. s
(1) When an external attribution was stronger than the internal attribution; s
(3) When you are very sure of their point of view or believe that the time; s
herding stock investment was first a term mainly refers to the investors in the transaction process in learning and imitation phenomenon, They traded in a certain period of time the same stock. s
the earliest effects of learned helplessness and the West Krugman Overmyer found later in animal and human studies have been widely discussed. In short, many experiments show that After training, the dog can cross the barriers or engage in other behavior to avoid the shock the experimenter added to it. However, if the dog was not expected before (do not know when to come) and can not be controlled by electric shock (such as electric shock interrupted or not does not depend on the dog's behavior), when the dog was the chance to escape electric shock, they become unable to escape. but the dog also showed other defects, such as frustration and depression, decreased motivation, etc. . s
witness testimony of their confidence and their testimony can not determine the accuracy of the results of this study is surprising. psychologist Patricia fees can be special and Howard Springs decided to conduct more in-depth to this conclusion research. In order to investigate whether the testimony of a witness something special, they will witness memory and the memory of general knowledge were compared. s
11, Matthew: > 9, Rosenthal Effect s
(6) When you and other people as when they are similar. s
6, Hawthorne effect (Hawthorne effect) s
Although this approach was being were branded as slow, on the platform, open to the public declaration of the Government's determination to rectify and found very effective. s
watch law in business management gives us a very intuitive inspiration, is the same person or an organization can not use the same two different ways, can not set two different goals, and even each individual can not be two people to simultaneously command, or will the business or personal loss. s
example, in the stock market, crocodiles rule is: when you find that their departure from the direction of the market transactions, must immediately stop, without any delay, not have any luck. s
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